以下为句子列表:
英文: By using sterically hindered, electron-rich alkylphosphines and N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC), this process has encompassed a broad range of substrates including ketones, aldehydes, esters, amides, malonates, nitrocompounds, nitriles and sulfones.
中文: 随着大位阻、富电子烷基膦和氮杂环卡宾(NHC)为配体的催化体系的出现,该类反应的底物已从酮扩展到醛、酯、酰胺以及含酸性氢的化合物如丙二酸酯、硝基化合物、腈、砜等。
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