以下为句子列表：
英文: Based on the semi-vector wave equation under cylindrical coordinate system, the mode distribution and complex propagation constant in bent waveguides were computed by a finite difference method with perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition.
中文: 摘要以柱坐标下的半矢量波动方程为基础，采用基于完美匹配层(PML)边界条件的有限差分方法，对弯曲波导进行模式求解，进而得到波导弯曲引起的辐射损耗。
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英文: This antenna is a transmission line structure with propagation constant increasing from negative to positive values, providing the backward to forward scanning capability as frequency is increasing.
中文: 这种天线基于传输线结构，其传播常数由负值增加到正值，显现出一种随频率增加而具有的由后向辐射变为前向辐射的特性。
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