以下为句子列表：
英文: A linear programming model for the shape optimization of arch dams is established to minimize the maximal tensile stress of the arch dam.
中文: 摘要以最大主拉应力最小作为目标函数，建立了拱坝体型优化设计的线性规划模型。
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英文: Besides, silicon substrate is bent by applying external mechanical stress, the lattice of channel will have strain due to uniaxial tensile stress by NMOS and strain due to uniaxial compressive stress by PMOS.
中文: 但微影技术已经接近瓶颈，所以我们必须另外寻找能够提升电晶体效能的方法，应变矽就是目前提升电晶体性能最热门的方法。
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英文: The ultrasonic impacting has very good effect of adjusting residual stress, improving texture and raising fatigue strength of structural element, and it is particularly helpful to eliminate tensile stress in the shallow layer thereof.
中文: 摘要超声波冲击对于调整残余应力、改善组织、提高疲劳强度都有很好的效果，特别对消除浅层拉应力有很大的帮助。
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英文: When the fill factor is less than 1, the concentrated tensile stress appeares near edge of disk surface, while the fill factor reaches up to 1, the surface exhibites compressive stress, and the center is less tensile stress.
中文: 当抽运光斑未充满激光介质时，介质的表面靠近边缘处会出现大的拉应力集中，并且介质表面的最大轴向位移和最大拉应力随光斑填充因子增大而增大；而当抽运光充满介质时，表面是压应力，较小的拉应力存在于介质内部。
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英文: When the pumping area cannot approach the disk had aperture, the concentrated tensile stress appears near the edge of disk hard aperture, while the disk is pumped full aperture the surface exhibits compressive stress, and center is tensile stress which is
中文: 当抽运光斑未充满激光介质时，介质的表面靠近边缘处会出现大的拉应力集中，并且介质中最大拉应力和表面的最大轴向位移随抽运光斑尺寸缩小面增大；而当抽运光充满介质时，表面是压应力，较小的拉应力存在于介质内部。
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