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externalities
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外部经济效果
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详细解释：
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以下为句子列表：
英文: At first, there is fundamental theory, which explains market failures, public goods, externalities and pubic choice.
中文: 第一，基本理论，阐述财政学的研究对象、范围，政府政策的评估标准以及实现政策目标的基本方法。
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英文: Both eating and smoking can have unfortunate externalities for fellow cubicle dwellers.
中文: 吃饭时吸烟会对小空间里的其他人造成不良的外部影响。
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英文: It is the formation mechanism of green traffic of the win-win interests that government should exert its legislation's effect to norm the competition of traffic, reduce the negative externalities by market transactions, and create a two-way encouragement
中文: 发挥政府立法作用规范交通的竞争性，通过市场交易降低交通的负外部性，形成外部压力与内在诱导的双向激励机制，是利益共赢的绿色交通的形成机制。
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英文: Negative externality rules are an important issue in public economics, and the economic efficiency in solving negative externalities is reflected in the costs and benefits in dealing with them.
中文: 负外部性规则是公共经济学要研究解决的重要问题，其解决的经济效率反映在外部性处理的成本与效益上。
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英文: Polluters don't pay the real cost of externalities such as toxic waste and air and water pollution.
中文: 造成污染的企业并没有对产生有毒废物以及空气、水的污染等方面付出真正的代价。
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